medicaThe Importance of Hearing Screening In Newborn Babies- Pubrica

In brief:

Newborn babies undergo several examinations and assessments before leaving the hospital. The hearing screening is one of the essentialevaluation for newborn babies before leaving in the hospital. One important way for babies to learn from birth is by hearing and listening. Though most newborn babies can hear perfectly, one to three out of every 1,000 babies born in the U.S. has hearing thresholds outside the typical range. Newborn screening and treatment help ensure the recognition as soon as possible of all babies who are deaf or hard of hearing. Therefore, they will access early intervention clinical support services that can make a big difference in their language development and communication(Sato et al., 2020).

Importance of hearing screening:

Hearing screening is a first and crucial step in clinical research helping to understand whether your baby is deaf or hard to hear. It’s difficult to know when there are hearing shifts in the first months and years of your baby’s life without screening hearing in newborn. Babies can respond to noise, for example, turning their heads toward the sound. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that they can hear all the sounds around them. Babies who are deaf or hard to hear can hear some sounds but still don’t hear enough to understand the language spoken.

Methods of hearing screening:

The methods most widely used consistently in newborns universal hearing screenings are (i) otoacoustic emission (OAE) and (ii) automated auditory brain stem response (AABR). Both AABR and OAE technologies provide non-invasive monitoring of physiological behaviour that underlies normal auditory function, and both are easy to perform in infants and neonates(Wroblewska-Seniuk, Dabrowski, Szyfter, & Mazela, 2017).

Automated auditory brain stem response (AABR): Auditory brainstem response is an evoked auditory potential arising from the auditory nerve. It can detect weakness in the brainstem at the cochlea level, the auditory nerve and the auditory pathway. Measurements of AABR are obtained by placing disposable surface electrodes on the forehead and recording the sound response brain wave activity. AABR plays a significant role in evaluating the lesion site- it helps to differentiate between conductive and cochlear hearing loss. This approach is highly sensitive to the identification of pathological pathways that cause hearing problems by suppressing afferent impulses, which is known as continuum neuropathy disorders.

Benefits:

It is widely acknowledged that early detection of hearing loss gives children the chance to develop significantly improved language skills relative to those children who are later diagnosed. The primary objective of early intervention in newborns with hearing impairment is to improve the communication skills of the child and to enhance the level of language development influencing cognitive and socio-emotional behavior (Nikolopoulos, 2015).

Conclusion:

Hearing deficiency in children around the world, including language acquisition, poses a particularly serious barrier to their full growth and education. If the screening test indicates a possible hearing loss, further testing is required. All babies who don’t pass the screening test should be checked by a hearing specialist (audiologist) by age 3 months.

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